More than 8 million patients with chest pain suggestive of myocardial ischemia visit Emergency Departments (EDs) annually. After initial clinical and ECG evaluation, approximately 75% of chest pain patients lack objective evidence of unstable coronary syndrome. The lack of objective evidence has generated significant challenges in the acute-care setting. Accelerated diagnostic protocols using biochemical markers and near-patient testing strategies help reduce hospital stays and resultant costs in the management of both ACS-positive and ACS-negative patients.